Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the brain and nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of antibodies that attack NMDA receptors in the brain. This leads to a range of symptoms such as seizures, memory loss, behavioral changes and movement disorders. Other synonyms for anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis include autoimmune encephalitis, NMDAR encephalitis, and encephalitis lethargica. It is important to recognize and treat this condition early as it can be life-threatening if left untreated. Treatment typically involves immunotherapy and supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.