Near East Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (NEEV) is a disease that affects horses and occasionally humans. It is caused by a virus known as "Alphavirus". This highly contagious and potentially fatal condition primarily occurs in regions around the Near East, including parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. NEEV is commonly referred to as Near East Equine Encephalitis, Near Eastern equine virus, or simply equine encephalomyelitis. The synonyms for this term are utilized to describe the virus's geographic origin, its target species, and the specific neurological inflammation it causes. Understanding these synonyms allows for accurate information exchange among scientists, veterinarians, and public health professionals, enabling effective prevention and control measures.